Convert Centesimal Seconds to Gradians
Convert Centesimal Seconds (c″) to Gradians (grad) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
grad = c″ × 1.000000000e-4
About Centesimal Seconds
A centesimal second (c″) is 1/10,000 of a gradian - exactly π/2,000,000 rad ≈ 1.5708 × 10⁻⁶ rad. In the gradian hierarchy, 1 right angle = 100 grad = 10,000 c′ = 1,000,000 c″. High-precision total stations calibrated in gons report to 0.1-1 c″, equivalent to ~0.0324 arcseconds. Used in French, Dutch, Swiss, and Scandinavian cadastral surveys. DIN 1313 designates 10 c″ = 1 milligon (mgon). 1 c″ ≈ 0.324″ sexagesimal = π/2,000,000 rad.
About Gradians
A gradian (grad), also called a gon (ISO 31/DIN), equals 1/400 of a full circle - π/200 rad = 0.9°. Its main advantage: a right angle = exactly 100 grad, simplifying complementary and supplementary angle arithmetic. Introduced during the French Revolution as part of decimal angle reform. Surveying in France, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and Scandinavia uses gradians; professional total stations display both degrees and gons. A 1% slope ≈ 0.6366 grad. 1 grad = 0.9° = 54′ = π/200 rad; 400 grad = 360° = one full circle.
Quick Reference Table
| Centesimal Seconds (c″) | Gradians (grad) |
|---|---|
| 1 c″ | 1 × 10-4 grad |
| 2 c″ | 0.0002 grad |
| 5 c″ | 0.0005 grad |
| 10 c″ | 0.001 grad |
| 25 c″ | 0.0025 grad |
| 50 c″ | 0.005 grad |
| 100 c″ | 0.01 grad |