Convert Gigapascals to Millimeters of Water
Convert Gigapascals (GPa) to Millimeters of Water (mmH₂O) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
mmH₂O = GPa × 101971621.3
About Gigapascals
A gigapascal (GPa) = 10⁹ Pa = 10 kbar - the extreme-pressure unit for materials science and planetary physics. Bulk moduli: fused silica 72 GPa; iron 170 GPa; diamond 442 GPa (highest known). Earth's inner core: 330-360 GPa. Jupiter's core: ~40,000-70,000 GPa. NIF laser-shocked experiments create 100-100,000 GPa to reproduce planetary interior conditions. Metallic hydrogen is predicted to form above ~500 GPa and has been tentatively observed at 400-500 GPa in diamond anvil cells. 1 GPa = 10⁹ Pa = 10 kbar.
About Millimeters of Water
One millimetre of water column (mmH₂O) = pressure from 1 mm of fresh water at standard gravity = exactly 9.80665 Pa. Preferred for very low differential pressures in HVAC: ductwork static pressures, fan curves, filter resistance, and building pressurisation are in mm WC. Gas valve operating pressures are typically 0.5-3 mm WC; clean-room cascade differentials 12-25 mm WC. A domestic gas hob manifold operates at ~20 mm WC on natural gas. Also used in spirometer calibration and hospital oxygen delivery systems. 1 mmH₂O = 9.80665 Pa.
Quick Reference Table
| Gigapascals (GPa) | Millimeters of Water (mmH₂O) |
|---|---|
| 1 GPa | 101972000 mmH₂O |
| 2 GPa | 203943000 mmH₂O |
| 5 GPa | 509858000 mmH₂O |
| 10 GPa | 1.02 × 109 mmH₂O |
| 25 GPa | 2.549 × 109 mmH₂O |
| 50 GPa | 5.099 × 109 mmH₂O |
| 100 GPa | 1.02 × 1010 mmH₂O |