Convert Gigapascals to Standard Atmospheres
Convert Gigapascals (GPa) to Standard Atmospheres (atm) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
atm = GPa × 9869.232667
About Gigapascals
A gigapascal (GPa) = 10⁹ Pa = 10 kbar - the extreme-pressure unit for materials science and planetary physics. Bulk moduli: fused silica 72 GPa; iron 170 GPa; diamond 442 GPa (highest known). Earth's inner core: 330-360 GPa. Jupiter's core: ~40,000-70,000 GPa. NIF laser-shocked experiments create 100-100,000 GPa to reproduce planetary interior conditions. Metallic hydrogen is predicted to form above ~500 GPa and has been tentatively observed at 400-500 GPa in diamond anvil cells. 1 GPa = 10⁹ Pa = 10 kbar.
About Standard Atmospheres
The standard atmosphere (atm) = exactly 101,325 Pa - defined by the 10th CGPM (1954) as the reference air pressure at sea level. Used to define STP (0°C and 1 atm) for gas law and thermochemistry. Chemical equilibrium constants (Kp), Henry's law solubility, and thermodynamic tables are tabulated at 1 atm. ISA aviation standard: sea-level 1 atm / 15°C, pressure halving every ~5.5 km. Diving physics: +1 atm per 10 m depth (fresh water) so 30 m = 4 atm absolute. Diamond formation in Earth's mantle: ~50,000 atm. 1 atm = 101,325 Pa.
Quick Reference Table
| Gigapascals (GPa) | Standard Atmospheres (atm) |
|---|---|
| 1 GPa | 9869.23 atm |
| 2 GPa | 19738.5 atm |
| 5 GPa | 49346.2 atm |
| 10 GPa | 98692.3 atm |
| 25 GPa | 246731 atm |
| 50 GPa | 493462 atm |
| 100 GPa | 986923 atm |