Convert Gigapascals to Technical Atmospheres
Convert Gigapascals (GPa) to Technical Atmospheres (at) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
at = GPa × 10197.16213
About Gigapascals
A gigapascal (GPa) = 10⁹ Pa = 10 kbar - the extreme-pressure unit for materials science and planetary physics. Bulk moduli: fused silica 72 GPa; iron 170 GPa; diamond 442 GPa (highest known). Earth's inner core: 330-360 GPa. Jupiter's core: ~40,000-70,000 GPa. NIF laser-shocked experiments create 100-100,000 GPa to reproduce planetary interior conditions. Metallic hydrogen is predicted to form above ~500 GPa and has been tentatively observed at 400-500 GPa in diamond anvil cells. 1 GPa = 10⁹ Pa = 10 kbar.
About Technical Atmospheres
One technical atmosphere (at) = exactly 1 kgf/cm² = 98,066.5 Pa ≈ 0.968 standard atmospheres. The metric technical pressure unit used in pre-SI European and Japanese engineering for boilers, hydraulic cylinders, and compressed gas systems. A steam boiler at 10 at operates at 0.981 MPa; hydraulic presses are rated at 200-600 at. Still used parenthetically in old German and Japanese machinery manuals and standards (DIN 1301-3 legacy). Converts simply from kgf/cm²: 1 at ≡ 1 kgf/cm². 1 at = 98,066.5 Pa.
Quick Reference Table
| Gigapascals (GPa) | Technical Atmospheres (at) |
|---|---|
| 1 GPa | 10197.2 at |
| 2 GPa | 20394.3 at |
| 5 GPa | 50985.8 at |
| 10 GPa | 101972 at |
| 25 GPa | 254929 at |
| 50 GPa | 509858 at |
| 100 GPa | 1019720 at |