Convert Femtovolts to Picovolts
Convert Femtovolts (fV) to Picovolts (pV) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
pV = fV × 0.001
About Femtovolts
The femtovolt (fV) equals 10⁻¹⁵ V, at the threshold of the most sensitive voltage amplifiers ever built. Cryogenic SQUID amplifiers for neutrino-mass experiments and dark-matter searches operate near 1 fV/√Hz noise levels; Josephson-voltage-standard arrays show thermal voltage noise of a few femtovolts at millikelvin temperatures. 1 fV = 10⁻00b3 pV = 10³ aV.
About Picovolts
The picovolt (pV) equals 10⁻¹² V, the realm of precision metrology and quantum voltage standards. The Josephson voltage standard used by national metrology institutes (NIST, PTB, NPL) reproduces the volt to within 0.01 pV using Cooper-pair tunnelling arrays driven by microwave radiation. Thermocouple noise in cryogenic circuits is also measured in picovolts. 1 pV = 10⁻00b3 nV = 10³ fV.
Quick Reference Table
| Femtovolts (fV) | Picovolts (pV) |
|---|---|
| 1 fV | 0.001 pV |
| 2 fV | 0.002 pV |
| 5 fV | 0.005 pV |
| 10 fV | 0.01 pV |
| 25 fV | 0.025 pV |
| 50 fV | 0.05 pV |
| 100 fV | 0.1 pV |