Convert Nanovolts to Picovolts
Convert Nanovolts (nV) to Picovolts (pV) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
pV = nV × 1000
About Nanovolts
The nanovolt (nV) equals 10⁻⁹ V, the sensitivity scale of precision nanovoltmeters and cryogenic measurement chains. Type K thermocouples generate about 40 µV/°C, but at cryogenic temperatures the Seebeck coefficient drops to nanvolts per kelvin; lock-in amplifiers in MEMS research resolve signals of 1-10 nV. A modern 8.5-digit benchtop multimeter (e.g. Agilent 34420A) has a nanovolt resolution range. 1 nV = 10⁻00b3 µV = 10³ pV.
About Picovolts
The picovolt (pV) equals 10⁻¹² V, the realm of precision metrology and quantum voltage standards. The Josephson voltage standard used by national metrology institutes (NIST, PTB, NPL) reproduces the volt to within 0.01 pV using Cooper-pair tunnelling arrays driven by microwave radiation. Thermocouple noise in cryogenic circuits is also measured in picovolts. 1 pV = 10⁻00b3 nV = 10³ fV.
Quick Reference Table
| Nanovolts (nV) | Picovolts (pV) |
|---|---|
| 1 nV | 1000 pV |
| 2 nV | 2000 pV |
| 5 nV | 5000 pV |
| 10 nV | 10000 pV |
| 25 nV | 25000 pV |
| 50 nV | 50000 pV |
| 100 nV | 100000 pV |