Convert Centesimal Seconds to Quadrants
Convert Centesimal Seconds (c″) to Quadrants (quad) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
quad = c″ × 1.000000000e-6
About Centesimal Seconds
A centesimal second (c″) is 1/10,000 of a gradian - exactly π/2,000,000 rad ≈ 1.5708 × 10⁻⁶ rad. In the gradian hierarchy, 1 right angle = 100 grad = 10,000 c′ = 1,000,000 c″. High-precision total stations calibrated in gons report to 0.1-1 c″, equivalent to ~0.0324 arcseconds. Used in French, Dutch, Swiss, and Scandinavian cadastral surveys. DIN 1313 designates 10 c″ = 1 milligon (mgon). 1 c″ ≈ 0.324″ sexagesimal = π/2,000,000 rad.
About Quadrants
A quadrant equals 1/4 of a full circle - π/2 rad = 90°, the right angle. Perpendicularity underpins Euclidean geometry, the Pythagorean theorem, and Cartesian coordinate systems. In AC electrical engineering, voltage and current in purely reactive circuits are exactly 90° out of phase, defining reactive power in VAr. The four quadrants of the unit circle determine the sign of sine, cosine, and tangent. GPS orbital elements encode latitude in semicircles bounded by ±1 quadrant = ±90°. 1 quadrant = 90° = 100 grad = π/2 rad = 1,600 NATO mils.
Quick Reference Table
| Centesimal Seconds (c″) | Quadrants (quad) |
|---|---|
| 1 c″ | 1 × 10-6 quad |
| 2 c″ | 2 × 10-6 quad |
| 5 c″ | 5 × 10-6 quad |
| 10 c″ | 1 × 10-5 quad |
| 25 c″ | 2.5 × 10-5 quad |
| 50 c″ | 5 × 10-5 quad |
| 100 c″ | 0.0001 quad |