Convert Attovolts to Picovolts
Convert Attovolts (aV) to Picovolts (pV) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
pV = aV × 1.000000000e-6
About Attovolts
The attovolt (aV) equals 10⁻¹⁸ V, representing the tiniest detectable voltage signals in quantum electronics. SQUID (Superconducting Quantum Interference Device) magnetometers in flux-locked-loop mode achieve sub-attovolt-equivalent noise floors; theoretical calculations of vacuum fluctuations in nanoscale Josephson junctions reference the attovolt range. 1 aV = 10⁻00b3 fV = 10⁻¹⁸ V.
About Picovolts
The picovolt (pV) equals 10⁻¹² V, the realm of precision metrology and quantum voltage standards. The Josephson voltage standard used by national metrology institutes (NIST, PTB, NPL) reproduces the volt to within 0.01 pV using Cooper-pair tunnelling arrays driven by microwave radiation. Thermocouple noise in cryogenic circuits is also measured in picovolts. 1 pV = 10⁻00b3 nV = 10³ fV.
Quick Reference Table
| Attovolts (aV) | Picovolts (pV) |
|---|---|
| 1 aV | 1 × 10-6 pV |
| 2 aV | 2 × 10-6 pV |
| 5 aV | 5 × 10-6 pV |
| 10 aV | 1 × 10-5 pV |
| 25 aV | 2.5 × 10-5 pV |
| 50 aV | 5 × 10-5 pV |
| 100 aV | 0.0001 pV |