Convert Millivolts to Picovolts
Convert Millivolts (mV) to Picovolts (pV) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
pV = mV × 1000000000
About Millivolts
The millivolt (mV) equals 10⁻³ V, the everyday scale of biomedical and electrochemical measurements. ECG R-wave peaks are 0.5-3 mV; a silicon p-n junction has a forward voltage of about 600 mV; pH electrodes produce roughly 59.2 mV per pH unit (Nernst equation at 25 °C); lithium-ion cells have an end-of-discharge cutoff at 2 700-3 000 mV. 1 mV = 10⁻³ V = 10³ µV.
About Picovolts
The picovolt (pV) equals 10⁻¹² V, the realm of precision metrology and quantum voltage standards. The Josephson voltage standard used by national metrology institutes (NIST, PTB, NPL) reproduces the volt to within 0.01 pV using Cooper-pair tunnelling arrays driven by microwave radiation. Thermocouple noise in cryogenic circuits is also measured in picovolts. 1 pV = 10⁻00b3 nV = 10³ fV.
Quick Reference Table
| Millivolts (mV) | Picovolts (pV) |
|---|---|
| 1 mV | 1000000000 pV |
| 2 mV | 2 × 109 pV |
| 5 mV | 5 × 109 pV |
| 10 mV | 1 × 1010 pV |
| 25 mV | 2.5 × 1010 pV |
| 50 mV | 5 × 1010 pV |
| 100 mV | 1 × 1011 pV |