Convert Volts to Picovolts
Convert Volts (V) to Picovolts (pV) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
pV = V × 1000000000000
About Volts
The volt (V) is the SI derived unit of electric potential, defined as 1 joule per coulomb (1 J/C = 1 W/A = 1 kg·m²·A⁻¹·s⁻³). Named after Alessandro Volta who built the first electrochemical battery in 1800. Common benchmarks: a fresh AA alkaline cell is 1.5 V; USB 2.0 supplies 5 V; a car lead-acid battery is 12 V; household electricity in Europe is 230 V RMS. The volt is reproduced internationally via the Josephson voltage standard.
About Picovolts
The picovolt (pV) equals 10⁻¹² V, the realm of precision metrology and quantum voltage standards. The Josephson voltage standard used by national metrology institutes (NIST, PTB, NPL) reproduces the volt to within 0.01 pV using Cooper-pair tunnelling arrays driven by microwave radiation. Thermocouple noise in cryogenic circuits is also measured in picovolts. 1 pV = 10⁻00b3 nV = 10³ fV.
Quick Reference Table
| Volts (V) | Picovolts (pV) |
|---|---|
| 1 V | 1 × 1012 pV |
| 2 V | 2 × 1012 pV |
| 5 V | 5 × 1012 pV |
| 10 V | 1 × 1013 pV |
| 25 V | 2.5 × 1013 pV |
| 50 V | 5 × 1013 pV |
| 100 V | 1 × 1014 pV |