Convert Hefnerkerzen to Violle
Convert Hefnerkerzen (HK) to Violle (Vl) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
Vl = HK × 0.04561229549
About Hefnerkerzen
The Hefnerkerze (HK) equals 0.920 cd (DIN 5031 conventional value). The German photometric standard unit from 1884 to 1942, defined by the luminous intensity of a Hefner lamp burning amyl acetate. Used as the official German standard before the adoption of the international candela. 1 HK = 0.920 cd.
About Violle
The violle (Vl) ≈ 20.17 cd is the first photometric unit not based on a flame source, proposed by Jules Violle in 1881 and adopted by the CGS system. Defined as the luminous intensity of 1 cm² of platinum at its solidification point (1 768 °C). Used historically in French and international photometry before 1948. 1 Vl ≈ 20.17 cd.
Quick Reference Table
| Hefnerkerzen (HK) | Violle (Vl) |
|---|---|
| 1 HK | 0.0456123 Vl |
| 2 HK | 0.0912246 Vl |
| 5 HK | 0.228061 Vl |
| 10 HK | 0.456123 Vl |
| 25 HK | 1.14031 Vl |
| 50 HK | 2.28061 Vl |
| 100 HK | 4.56123 Vl |