Convert Violle to Hefnerkerzen
Convert Violle (Vl) to Hefnerkerzen (HK) instantly and accurately.
Conversion Formula
HK = Vl × 21.92391304
About Violle
The violle (Vl) ≈ 20.17 cd is the first photometric unit not based on a flame source, proposed by Jules Violle in 1881 and adopted by the CGS system. Defined as the luminous intensity of 1 cm² of platinum at its solidification point (1 768 °C). Used historically in French and international photometry before 1948. 1 Vl ≈ 20.17 cd.
About Hefnerkerzen
The Hefnerkerze (HK) equals 0.920 cd (DIN 5031 conventional value). The German photometric standard unit from 1884 to 1942, defined by the luminous intensity of a Hefner lamp burning amyl acetate. Used as the official German standard before the adoption of the international candela. 1 HK = 0.920 cd.
Quick Reference Table
| Violle (Vl) | Hefnerkerzen (HK) |
|---|---|
| 1 Vl | 21.9239 HK |
| 2 Vl | 43.8478 HK |
| 5 Vl | 109.62 HK |
| 10 Vl | 219.239 HK |
| 25 Vl | 548.098 HK |
| 50 Vl | 1096.2 HK |
| 100 Vl | 2192.39 HK |